The Beauty Of Geology

                                       1)       As we know that,  on 15 th  august in 1947  India was declared as an  independent  country by separating it from the Muslim country  Pakistan .   2)        In the year 1948 , the great leader and one of the great freedom fighters the Mahatma Gandhi was killed by Nathuram Godse.       During this year, the reorganization of the state's process was started in India.   3)        In the year 1949 , India accepted article 370, which gave a special status to Jammu and Kashmir.     During this year, the constitution of India was adopted by the Indian Constituent Assembly on 26 th  November.   4)        On 26 th  January in 1950 , this day the constitution of India comes into effect with a democratic government system in the whole of India and from this day India celebrate the day of 26 th  January as a Republic day of India   5)        In the year 1951 , the first five-year plan was introduced by former Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, which

  Drugs are  low molecular masses chemicals which are interacted with macromolecular targets and produce a biological response. When the biological response is therapeutic and useful then the chemicals are called is called medicine. Antacid:  A kind of drug which is used to neutralize the acid level in our body is called antacid. Example: - backing soda, metal hydroxyl like Al (oh) 3 Antiseptic:  - a kind of drug which is applied to the cut, wounds, ulcer, etc. to protect from the septic (a kind of skin disease. Example: - Dettol Dettol  is a mixture of chloroxylenol and terpineol      The tincture of iodine is a 2.3% solution of iodine in alcohol, which is a powerful antiseptic. Antihistamine: -  Antihistamine is a type of drug which is used for the treatment of allergies. Example: - Avil, diphenhydramine.  Analgesic: -  It is a type of drug which is used to relieve pain. It is two types:- Narcotic (Morphine) and Non-narcotic (Aspirin) Tranquilizer: -  It is a type of drug which is us

 Types of metamorphism: The main types of metamorphism are- 1)       Contact metamorphism: Contact metamorphism is also called “thermal metamorphism”. This metamorphism is caused due to local heating of rocks by the intrusion of hot igneous bodies nearby.  The zone of metamorphic rocks which occurs surrounding the intrusion is called “aureole”.  In contact, metamorphism heat plays an important role and its general effect is to promote recrystallization. In this process, minerals grow haphazardly in all directions and the metamorphic rock acquires a granular fabric which is called the “hornfels texture”. Contact metamorphic rocks do not show schistosity.     During contact metamorphism transfer of magmatic vapors and gases from an igneous body into the country rocks often takes place. These emanations react with the country rocks and form new minerals such a process is called the “Pneumatolytic metamorphism”. A localized burning or baking effect may be produced at the contact of an

  Texture: The term texture represents the shape, size, and mutual arrangement of mineral grains in a rock. The texture of sedimentary rocks includes grain size, shape (Sphericity and roundness), fabric, packing, etc. The importance of the study of texture are- a)       To determine the useful physical properties such as porosity, permeability, and crushing strength. b)       To find out the dispersion pattern by textural measurements. c)       To make the distinction among the Stratigraphy unit. 1)       Grain size: On the basis of grain size, the texture of sedimentary rocks can be divided into the following groups- ·          Pebble: If the grains size is more than 10 mm then it is called pebble. ·          Gravel: If the grains size is between 2mm to 10 mm then it is called gravel. ·          Sand: If the grains size is between 0.1 mm to 2 mm then it is called sand. ·          Silt: If the grains size is between 0.01 to 0.1 mm then it is called silt. ·         

   In physic, stress may be defined as the restoring force acting on a unit area of a material or object. In maximum cases, this restoring force is equal to the external force. So stress may also define as an external force per unit area of an object.  If we consider a rod, which is tight on a wall as shown in the figure below and apply stress or deforming force to it, then the rode opposes this deforming force by producing a restoring force because the rode is in static equilibrium that means the net force is zero. In this case, Restoring force = Deforming force It is a tensor quantity (in simple words, tensor quantity means we easily calculate its value by using simple mathematics.)     The Formula of stress is   σ = F/A     Dimension of stress is [ML^-1T^-2]  {Force=mass x acceleration = mass x (velocity/time)     =kg x (meter/second/second) = kg x (meter/second^2) = kg meter second^-2= [MLT^-2]} {Area = meter^2 = [L^2] } {F/A = [MLT^-2]/ [L^2] = [ML^-1T^-2]} Unit of stress is N/m^2

                    In structural geology, Fabric may be defined as the geometry arrangement of component features or fabric elements (such as mineral grains, clasts, compositional layers, fold hinges and planes of parting or some weak planes, etc.) seen on a scale large enough to include many samples of each feature. In sedimentary rocks, the texture created relies upon the depositional climate and can give data on current headings at the hour of statement. The texture might give data on both the direction and greatness of the strain that has influenced a specific piece of deformity rock. On the basis of genesis, the fabric can be of two types- 1) Primary fabric: This is the fabric, which is formed during the formation of the rocks. For example, a preferred orientation of clasts long axes in a conglomerate, parallel to the flow direction deposition by a fast waning current.  2) Tectonic fabric: This is the fabric, which is formed as a consequence of tectonic deformation.  Based on

  A fault may be defined as a well-defined crack along which the rock masses on either side have relative displacement. The displacement along a fault may be less than a meter, several meters, or many kilometers. Faults results from tensional as well as compressional forces TERMINOLOGY OF A FAULT Fault Plane : The fracture surface of a fault, along which relative movement has taken place, is called a “fault plane”. A fault plane is generally inclined but in some other cases, the fault plane may be markedly curved or undulating.    In a fault, there may be a number of parallel shear fractures along which the fault movement is distributed. Such a fracture zone is called a “shear Zone”. Hanging Wall and Foot Wall:  The block of rock lying above the fault plane such block of rock is called a hanging wall and if it is lying below the fault plane, then it is known as a footwall. Vertical faults have neither hanging wall nor footwall. Fault Scarp:  A fault scarp is a cliff formed initially al