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What is Fault? How they are formed? What are the classifications of fault? Terminology of a Fault

  A fault may be defined as a well-defined crack along which the rock masses on either side have relative displacement. The displacement along a fault may be less than a meter, several meters, or many kilometers. Faults results from tensional as well as compressional forces TERMINOLOGY OF A FAULT Fault Plane : The fracture surface of a fault, along which relative movement has taken place, is called a “fault plane”. A fault plane is generally inclined but in some other cases, the fault plane may be markedly curved or undulating.    In a fault, there may be a number of parallel shear fractures along which the fault movement is distributed. Such a fracture zone is called a “shear Zone”. Hanging Wall and Foot Wall:  The block of rock lying above the fault plane such block of rock is called a hanging wall and if it is lying below the fault plane, then it is known as a footwall. Vertical faults have neither hanging wall nor footwall. Fault Scarp:  A fault scarp is a c...
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WHAT IS DOUBLE REFRACTION ? WHAT IS NICOL PRISM? WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF NICOL PRISM? WHAT IS THE CONSTRUCTION OF IT?

  Before knowing about double refraction, we need to understand refraction. So, refraction is the bending of light rays when it passes from one medium to another medium due to the different optical densities of the medium.    To measure the optical density, a refractive index is used. The Refractive index of a medium may be defined as the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum or air to the speed of light in that medium. There are two cases obtained:  1) if the incident angle and the angle refraction are zero and the refractive index of the first medium is not equal to the refractive index of the second medium, then the lights are not refracted. 2) If  the refractive index of the first medium is equal to the refractive index of the second medium, then also the lights are not refracted. Refraction follows some rules:  1) The incident ray, refracted ray, and the normal at the point of incidence all lie in the same plane.  2) The relation between the inc...
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What is Diastrophic and Non-diastrophic structure? What is the concept of Diastrophism?

 Before Know about the Diastrophic structure and non-Diastrophic structure we need to comprehend the Diastrophism interaction.  The Concept Of Diastrophism Diastrophism, likewise called tectonism, is the enormous scope misshapen of Earth's outside layer by regular cycles, which prompts the development of landmasses and sea bowls, mountain frameworks, levels, crack valleys, and different provisions by components, for example, lithospheric plate development (that is, plate tectonics), volcanic stacking, or collapsing.     The investigation of diastrophism incorporates the differing reactions of the covering to structural burdens. These reactions incorporate direct or torsional level developments (like mainland float) and vertical subsidence and elevate of the lithosphere (strain) because of normal weights on Earth's surface like the heaviness of mountains, lakes, and icy masses or glaciers.  Diastrophic Structure Any kind of movement of the Earth's crust, gen...
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