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What is Fault? How they are formed? What are the classifications of fault? Terminology of a Fault

  A fault may be defined as a well-defined crack along which the rock masses on either side have relative displacement. The displacement along a fault may be less than a meter, several meters, or many kilometers. Faults results from tensional as well as compressional forces TERMINOLOGY OF A FAULT Fault Plane : The fracture surface of a fault, along which relative movement has taken place, is called a “fault plane”. A fault plane is generally inclined but in some other cases, the fault plane may be markedly curved or undulating.    In a fault, there may be a number of parallel shear fractures along which the fault movement is distributed. Such a fracture zone is called a “shear Zone”. Hanging Wall and Foot Wall:  The block of rock lying above the fault plane such block of rock is called a hanging wall and if it is lying below the fault plane, then it is known as a footwall. Vertical faults have neither hanging wall nor footwall. Fault Scarp:  A fault scarp is a c...
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What is a volcano and how a volcano is formed?

                                             Answer:  A volcano is a dome or conical-like structure, which is formed due to volcanic eruption at the divergent plate boundary.             In simple words, volcanoes are formed due to volcanic eruptions.           Due to the decay of radioactive substances beneath the surface of the earth or in the earth’s mantle, a large amount of heat produced below the earth's surface, which melts the rocks slowly and forms a thick flowing layer of substance is called magma (consisting of the mixer of minerals, water vapor, different kinds of dissolved gases like carbon dioxide, sulfur, carbon monoxide, etc. Magma continuously exerts pressure on the earth's surface to escape from the earth's mantle. As a result, the surface of the earth becomes we...
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What is crystallography? What is the importance of crystallography in geology world and mineralogy world?

 What is crystallography? Answer:  Crystallography is a branch of mineralogy that deals with the study of the arrangement and bonding of atoms in crystalline solids and the geometric structure of crystal lattice.       Most minerals are crystalline while a few are amorphous (Non-crystalline). Amorphous or Non-Crystalline:  Amorphous are solids, which have no definite atomic structure and chemical composition.  Crystal:  crystals are solid bounded by smooth more or less plane surfaces arranged in regular pattern and form due to the operation of inter-atomic forces. They are formed by the solidification of minerals from the gaseous and liquid state under suitable conditions. Crystal has a definite atomic structure and definite chemical composition. Morphology or parts of a crystal: Face:  Faces are nothing but the smooth surfaces through which a crystal is bounded. The crystal faces are produced during the process of crystal growth. E...
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