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What is a volcano and how a volcano is formed?

                                             Answer:  A volcano is a dome or conical-like structure, which is formed due to volcanic eruption at the divergent plate boundary.             In simple words, volcanoes are formed due to volcanic eruptions.           Due to the decay of radioactive substances beneath the surface of the earth or in the earth’s mantle, a large amount of heat produced below the earth's surface, which melts the rocks slowly and forms a thick flowing layer of substance is called magma (consisting of the mixer of minerals, water vapor, different kinds of dissolved gases like carbon dioxide, sulfur, carbon monoxide, etc. Magma continuously exerts pressure on the earth's surface to escape from the earth's mantle. As a result, the surface of the earth becomes we...
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What is Fault? How they are formed? What are the classifications of fault? Terminology of a Fault

  A fault may be defined as a well-defined crack along which the rock masses on either side have relative displacement. The displacement along a fault may be less than a meter, several meters, or many kilometers. Faults results from tensional as well as compressional forces TERMINOLOGY OF A FAULT Fault Plane : The fracture surface of a fault, along which relative movement has taken place, is called a “fault plane”. A fault plane is generally inclined but in some other cases, the fault plane may be markedly curved or undulating.    In a fault, there may be a number of parallel shear fractures along which the fault movement is distributed. Such a fracture zone is called a “shear Zone”. Hanging Wall and Foot Wall:  The block of rock lying above the fault plane such block of rock is called a hanging wall and if it is lying below the fault plane, then it is known as a footwall. Vertical faults have neither hanging wall nor footwall. Fault Scarp:  A fault scarp is a c...
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What is metamorphic zone and its types? What is Metamorphic facies? What is grades of metamorphism? What are the texture of metamorphic rocks?

  Metamorphic Zone and Metamorphic facies: Metamorphic zone is an area where the same combination of minerals occurs in the bedrock during the metamorphism process. Metamorphic zones occur because metamorphic minerals have a unique range or interval of temperature and pressure at which they are stable. There are three types of metamorphic zones- 1)       Epizone: This zone of metamorphism occurs near the earth’s surface. In this zone, generally Cataclastic metamorphism conditions are observed. 2)       Mesozone: It is the intermediate zone of metamorphism, which is found below the Epizone. The mesozone condition that is the temperature and pressure promotes the regional metamorphism. 3)       Katazone: The bottommost metamorphic zones are known as Katazone. In this zone, the plutonic metamorphism is taken place.   Grades of metamorphism: The degree or intensity of metamorphism that has affecte...
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