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What is metamorphic zone and its types? What is Metamorphic facies? What is grades of metamorphism? What are the texture of metamorphic rocks?

  Metamorphic Zone and Metamorphic facies: Metamorphic zone is an area where the same combination of minerals occurs in the bedrock during the metamorphism process. Metamorphic zones occur because metamorphic minerals have a unique range or interval of temperature and pressure at which they are stable. There are three types of metamorphic zones- 1)       Epizone: This zone of metamorphism occurs near the earth’s surface. In this zone, generally Cataclastic metamorphism conditions are observed. 2)       Mesozone: It is the intermediate zone of metamorphism, which is found below the Epizone. The mesozone condition that is the temperature and pressure promotes the regional metamorphism. 3)       Katazone: The bottommost metamorphic zones are known as Katazone. In this zone, the plutonic metamorphism is taken place.   Grades of metamorphism: The degree or intensity of metamorphism that has affecte...
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What is a volcano and how a volcano is formed?

                                             Answer:  A volcano is a dome or conical-like structure, which is formed due to volcanic eruption at the divergent plate boundary.             In simple words, volcanoes are formed due to volcanic eruptions.           Due to the decay of radioactive substances beneath the surface of the earth or in the earth’s mantle, a large amount of heat produced below the earth's surface, which melts the rocks slowly and forms a thick flowing layer of substance is called magma (consisting of the mixer of minerals, water vapor, different kinds of dissolved gases like carbon dioxide, sulfur, carbon monoxide, etc. Magma continuously exerts pressure on the earth's surface to escape from the earth's mantle. As a result, the surface of the earth becomes we...
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WHAT IS DOUBLE REFRACTION ? WHAT IS NICOL PRISM? WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF NICOL PRISM? WHAT IS THE CONSTRUCTION OF IT?

  Before knowing about double refraction, we need to understand refraction. So, refraction is the bending of light rays when it passes from one medium to another medium due to the different optical densities of the medium.    To measure the optical density, a refractive index is used. The Refractive index of a medium may be defined as the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum or air to the speed of light in that medium. There are two cases obtained:  1) if the incident angle and the angle refraction are zero and the refractive index of the first medium is not equal to the refractive index of the second medium, then the lights are not refracted. 2) If  the refractive index of the first medium is equal to the refractive index of the second medium, then also the lights are not refracted. Refraction follows some rules:  1) The incident ray, refracted ray, and the normal at the point of incidence all lie in the same plane.  2) The relation between the inc...
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