The Beauty Of Geology

  A fault may be defined as a well-defined crack along which the rock masses on either side have relative displacement. The displacement along a fault may be less than a meter, several meters, or many kilometers. Faults results from tensional as well as compressional forces TERMINOLOGY OF A FAULT Fault Plane : The fracture surface of a fault, along which relative movement has taken place, is called a “fault plane”. A fault plane is generally inclined but in some other cases, the fault plane may be markedly curved or undulating.    In a fault, there may be a number of parallel shear fractures along which the fault movement is distributed. Such a fracture zone is called a “shear Zone”. Hanging Wall and Foot Wall:  The block of rock lying above the fault plane such block of rock is called a hanging wall and if it is lying below the fault plane, then it is known as a footwall. Vertical faults have neither hanging wall nor footwall. Fault Scarp:  A fault scarp is a cliff formed initially al

  Before knowing about three types of Unconformity, we need to understand the term unconformity.   An unconformity may be defined as an erosional or weathered surface, which separates the younger rocks or strata from the older rocks.   It may parallel to the upper strata or makes an angular relationship with each upper rock that is inclined.    Types of unconformity:  Mainly there are three types of unconformity, Angular, Disconformity, and Non-conformity. But we add another type of unconformity called Local unconformity. Let's try to understand all kinds of unconformity- 1)  Angular Unconformity:  In   angular unconformity, the two series of beds (younger and older rock beds) make an angular relationship with each other. Here the lower older series of beds dip at different angles to the younger upper beds. It also includes the case where the unfolded younger strata rest upon the folded older rocks.   2)  Disconformity:  In disconformity, the two series of beds (the younger series

 Before Know about the Diastrophic structure and non-Diastrophic structure we need to comprehend the Diastrophism interaction.  The Concept Of Diastrophism Diastrophism, likewise called tectonism, is the enormous scope misshapen of Earth's outside layer by regular cycles, which prompts the development of landmasses and sea bowls, mountain frameworks, levels, crack valleys, and different provisions by components, for example, lithospheric plate development (that is, plate tectonics), volcanic stacking, or collapsing.     The investigation of diastrophism incorporates the differing reactions of the covering to structural burdens. These reactions incorporate direct or torsional level developments (like mainland float) and vertical subsidence and elevate of the lithosphere (strain) because of normal weights on Earth's surface like the heaviness of mountains, lakes, and icy masses or glaciers.  Diastrophic Structure Any kind of movement of the Earth's crust, gentle or severe, co

     The rocks are formed by cooling and solidification of magma, such types of rocks known as igneous rock. Approximately 90% of the earth’s crust is composed of igneous rocks but their great abundance is hidden on the surface of the earth by a relatively thin layer of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks.        Chemically an igneous rock classified on the basis of silica percentage- 1.        Acidic igneous rock: if igneous rocks contain silica more than 65% then the rocks are called acidic igneous rock. For example-    Granite 2.        Intermediate: if igneous rocks contain silica between 55% and 65% then the rocks are called intermediate. For example- Diorite 3.        Basic rock: if igneous rocks contain silica between 45% and 55% then the rocks are called basic rock. For example- basalt 4.        Ultrabasic rock: if igneous rocks contain silica less than 45% then the rocks are called ultrabasic rock. For example- Peridotite                       On the basis of occurrence of igneo

  How does the moon cause ocean tide? The moon's gravitational pull generates  something called the tidal force. The tidal force causes Earth—and its water—to bulge out on the side closest to the moon and the side farthest from the moon. These bulges of water are high tides. When the Sun and Moon are in line with the Earth (when a full moon or new moon occurs),  their combined gravity cause very high tides  (and very low tides), known as “spring tides.” So the Moon affects the tides because of gravity, but gravity from the Sun and the spinning of the Earth also change how the tides behave. The moon's gravitational pull on the Earth and the Earth's rotational force  are the two main factors that cause high and low tides. The side of the Earth closest to the Moon experiences the Moon's pull the strongest, and this causes the seas to rise, creating high tides. What is the name of the coldest planet and green planet? The lowest temperature recorded in Uranus's Tropopaus

  Before knowing about double refraction, we need to understand refraction. So, refraction is the bending of light rays when it passes from one medium to another medium due to the different optical densities of the medium.    To measure the optical density, a refractive index is used. The Refractive index of a medium may be defined as the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum or air to the speed of light in that medium. There are two cases obtained:  1) if the incident angle and the angle refraction are zero and the refractive index of the first medium is not equal to the refractive index of the second medium, then the lights are not refracted. 2) If  the refractive index of the first medium is equal to the refractive index of the second medium, then also the lights are not refracted. Refraction follows some rules:  1) The incident ray, refracted ray, and the normal at the point of incidence all lie in the same plane.  2) The relation between the incident and refraction angle and the

   COMPOUND MICROSCOPE:  It is  a microscope, which multiple lenses use to enlarge the image of a sample.  the total amount of  magnification calculates by multiplying the magnification of the ocular lens with the magnification of  the object  lens. ELECTRONS MICROSCOPE: It is a  type  of microscope, where  electrons are  used  for observing a sample and making an enlarged image.  this kind  of microscope produces  a  much higher magnification. #Formula of total magnification = (power of the objective) X (power of the eyepiece) PETROGRAPHIC MICROSCOPE:  it is  a compound instrument,  within which  plan polarized light  is used  for the examination of rock textures and optical properties of minerals. PARTS OF POLARIZING MICROSCOPE: 1) Mirror 2) Polarizer 3) Condenser 4) Diaphragm 5) Stage with section holders and circular scale 6) Objective 7) Accessory slot for a special plate 8) Analyzer 9) Bertrand lens 10) Eyepiece HOW DOES POLARIZED LIGHT MICROSCOPY WORK: Answer: Polarized light mi