The Beauty Of Geology

     The rocks are formed by cooling and solidification of magma, such types of rocks known as igneous rock. Approximately 90% of the earth’s crust is composed of igneous rocks but their great abundance is hidden on the surface of the earth by a relatively thin layer of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks.        Chemically an igneous rock classified on the basis of silica percentage- 1.        Acidic igneous rock: if igneous rocks contain silica more than 65% then the rocks are called acidic igneous rock. For example-    Granite 2.        Intermediate: if igneous rocks contain silica between 55% and 65% then the rocks are called intermediate. For example- Diorite 3.        Basic rock: if igneous rocks contain silica between 45% and 55% then the rocks are called basic rock. For example- basalt 4.        Ultrabasic rock: if igneous rocks contain silica less than 45% then the rocks are called ultrabasic rock. For example- Peridotite                       On the basis of occurrence of igneo

  How does the moon cause ocean tide? The moon's gravitational pull generates  something called the tidal force. The tidal force causes Earth—and its water—to bulge out on the side closest to the moon and the side farthest from the moon. These bulges of water are high tides. When the Sun and Moon are in line with the Earth (when a full moon or new moon occurs),  their combined gravity cause very high tides  (and very low tides), known as “spring tides.” So the Moon affects the tides because of gravity, but gravity from the Sun and the spinning of the Earth also change how the tides behave. The moon's gravitational pull on the Earth and the Earth's rotational force  are the two main factors that cause high and low tides. The side of the Earth closest to the Moon experiences the Moon's pull the strongest, and this causes the seas to rise, creating high tides. What is the name of the coldest planet and green planet? The lowest temperature recorded in Uranus's Tropopaus

  Before knowing about double refraction, we need to understand refraction. So, refraction is the bending of light rays when it passes from one medium to another medium due to the different optical densities of the medium.    To measure the optical density, a refractive index is used. The Refractive index of a medium may be defined as the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum or air to the speed of light in that medium. There are two cases obtained:  1) if the incident angle and the angle refraction are zero and the refractive index of the first medium is not equal to the refractive index of the second medium, then the lights are not refracted. 2) If  the refractive index of the first medium is equal to the refractive index of the second medium, then also the lights are not refracted. Refraction follows some rules:  1) The incident ray, refracted ray, and the normal at the point of incidence all lie in the same plane.  2) The relation between the incident and refraction angle and the

   COMPOUND MICROSCOPE:  It is  a microscope, which multiple lenses use to enlarge the image of a sample.  the total amount of  magnification calculates by multiplying the magnification of the ocular lens with the magnification of  the object  lens. ELECTRONS MICROSCOPE: It is a  type  of microscope, where  electrons are  used  for observing a sample and making an enlarged image.  this kind  of microscope produces  a  much higher magnification. #Formula of total magnification = (power of the objective) X (power of the eyepiece) PETROGRAPHIC MICROSCOPE:  it is  a compound instrument,  within which  plan polarized light  is used  for the examination of rock textures and optical properties of minerals. PARTS OF POLARIZING MICROSCOPE: 1) Mirror 2) Polarizer 3) Condenser 4) Diaphragm 5) Stage with section holders and circular scale 6) Objective 7) Accessory slot for a special plate 8) Analyzer 9) Bertrand lens 10) Eyepiece HOW DOES POLARIZED LIGHT MICROSCOPY WORK: Answer: Polarized light mi

                                    Metamorphic rocks are formed from older rocks. The older rocks may be either sedimentary or igneous rocks. When old rocks are experienced high temperature, pressure, and shearing stress at a considerable depth in the earth's crust, then the older rocks change chemically, structurally, and mineralogically by producing rocks with new texture and chemical composition, such rocks are called metamorphic rocks. The process in which the older rocks start to melt due to high pressure and temperature and are recrystallized with new minerals composition, such process is called metamorphism.    The agents, which are responsible for bringing about metamorphic changes or the agents of metamorphism are as follows- 1)  Temperature:   Temperature is one of the most important agents or factors of metamorphism. Due to high temperatures, pre-existing rocks like igneous and sedimentary started to melt by changing their texture and chemical composition and slowly con

  As we know that the rocks are changing or transformed with time due to the action of atmospheric agencies (including temperature, pressure, water, wind, etc.).The cyclic process through which, rocks are transformed from one category to another one such process is called the Rock cycle.      On the earth, there are three types of rocks are exist- 1)        Igneous rocks (also known as primary rocks) 2)        Sedimentary rocks (also known as secondary rocks) 3)        Metamorphic rocks (also known as secondary rocks) Sedimentary rocks are formed by the consolidation and cementation of sediments deposits underwater. Sedimentary rocks also include the rocks formed by the accumulation of chemically precipitated or organically derived material. The formation of sedimentary rocks takes place in three stages:           Weathering and Erosion:  Sedimentary rocks are secondary rocks, which are constituted of sediments (broken rock fragments of pre-existing rocks formed by weathering). The sed